Transformation for JSC examination -2013

Transformation for JSC examination -2013

AFFIRMATIVE TO NEGATIVE: Rule : Only/ alone/ merely → Replaced by → None but(person)/ nothing but(things)/ not more than or not less than(number) AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE Only Allah can help us. None but Allah can help us. He has only a ball. He has nothing but a ball. He has only ten taka. He has not more than ten taka. Allah alone can help us. None but Allah can help us. The old man was alone alive. None but The old man was alive. Only he can do the work. None but he can do the work. He has bought only a shirt. He has bought nothing but a shirt. He was only twenty two. He was not more than twenty two. Only Allah can save me. None but Allah can save me. Only the old man was alone alive. None but The old man was alive. Only the brave deserve the fair. None but the brave deserve the fair. Only the moon was visible. Nothing but the moon was visible. He has only a few toys. He has not more than a few toys. Rule : Must → Replaced by → Cannot but/ Cannot help+ (v+ing). AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE We must obey our parents. We cannot but obey our parents/ we cannot help obeying our parents. We must realize the fact and come forward against corruption. We can not but realize the fact and come forward against corruption. Man must submit to destiny. Man can not but submits to destiny. You must obey your teacher. You can not but obey your teacher. We must go from one house to another in fair weather or foul. We can not but go from one house to another in fair weather or foul. We must realize the fact and come forward against corruption. We can not but realize the fact and come forward against corruption. Rule : Both----and → Replaced by → not only ---- but also. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE Both Dolon and Dola were excited. Not only dolon but also Dola were present. Rule : and ( if join two words) → Replaced by → Not only ----- but also. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE He was obedient and gentle. He was not only obedient but also gentle. Rule : Everyone/ everybody/every person/ (every + common noun)/all → Replaced by → There is no + attached word + but. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE Every mother loves her child. There is no mother but loves her child. Everybody wants friends. There is no body but wants friends. Everybody knows this. There is no body but knows this. Every rose has thorn. There is no rose but has thorn. Everybody wants friends. There is no body but wants friends. Everybody knows this. There is no body but knows this. Rule : As soon as → Replaced by → No sooner had ----- Than. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away. No sooner had the thief saw the police he ran away. As soon as we saw him, he ran away. No sooner had we seen him, he ran away. As soon as the teacher came, the students stood up No sooner had the teacher come, the students stood up As soon as she received your massage, she started for your home. No sooner had she received your massage, she started for your home. Rule : Absolute Superlative degree → Replaced by → No other+ attached word+so+ positive form+ as + subject. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE Dhaka is the biggest city in Bangladesh. No other city is as big as Dhaka in Bangladesh. Corruption is the most dreadful problem of Bangladesh. No other weapon is as dangerous as corruption to destroy a society. Books are the greatest friends. No other friend is as great as book. It is one of the most populous countries in the world. Very few countries in the world are as populous as it. The Padma is one of biggest rivers in Bangladesh. Very few rivers in Bangladesh are as big as the Padma. Rule: Sometimes affirmative sentences are changed into negative by using opposite words. Before the word, off course ‘not’ is used. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE I shall remember you. I shall not forget you. We should be honest in our life. We should not be dishonest in our life. They are honest and pious. They are not dishonest and impious. He was unmarried. He did not marry. The literacy rate in Bangladesh is very poor. The literacy rate in Bangladesh is not very high. Man is mortal. Man is not immortal. Rule : Always → Replaced by → Never. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE Raven always attends the class. Raven never misses the class. I will always remember this day. I will never forget this day. He is always punctual to attend his classes. He is never punctual to attend his classes. Their contribution will always be remembered. Their contribution will never be forgotten. They always sincere to their duties. They never insincere to their duties. Her parents always liked her. Her parents never disliked her. Rule : Too ---- to → Replaced by → so ---that+ can not/could not(in past). AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE He is too weak to walk. He is so weak that he cannot walk. It is too poor to imagine. It is so poor that we can not imagine. Rule : As – as → Replaced by → Not less – than. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE Simi was as wise as Rimi. Simi was not less wise than Rimi. Rule : Universal truth are change by making them negative interrogative. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE The Sun sets in the west. Doesn’t the Sun set in the west? The Sun rises in the east. Doesn’t the Sun rise in the east? The earth moves round the sun. Doesn’t the earth move round the sun? Rule : Sometimes → Replaced by → Not + always. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE Sanjida sometimes visits me. Sanjida doesn’t always visit me. Rule : Many → Replaced by → Not a few. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE I have many friends. I donot have few friends. Rule : A few → Replaced by → not many. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE Bangladesh has a few scholars. Bangladesh doesn’t have many scholars. Rule : Much → Replaced by → A little. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE He belongs much money. He doesn’t belong a little money. Rule : A little → Replaced by → not much. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE Dolon has a little riches. Dolon doesn’t have much riches.

ASSERTIVE TO INTERROGATIVE Rule : If the sentence is in the affirmative you have to change it into negative interrogative. If it is in negative then you have to change it into bare interrogative. ASSERTIVE INTERROGATIVE He was very gentle. Wasn’t he very gentle? He is not a good person. Is he a good person? We are proud of our freedom fighters. Aren’t we proud of our freedom fighters? He can succeed in life Can’t he succeed in life? Rule : No auxiliary verb in sentence →→ Change it by using →→ Do/does/did Or Don’t/doesn’t/didn’t. ASSERTIVE INTERROGATIVE He plays Football. Does he play football? They did not play football yesterday. Did they play football yesterday? Rule: Never → Replaced by → Ever. ASSERTIVE INTERROGATIVE I never drink tea. Do I ever drink tea? Rule : Every body/everyone/ All → Replaced by → Who + Don’t/ Doesn’t/ Didn’t ASSERTIVE INTERROGATIVE Everybody wishes to be happy. Who doesn’t wish to be happy? Everybody knows this. Who doesn’t know this? Everybody respects a truthful person. Who doesn’t respect a truthful person? Everyone hates a criminal. Who doesn’t hate a criminal? Everybody hates a liar. Who doesn’t hate a liar? Rule : Every + noun → Replaced by → Is there any + noun+ Who don’t/doesn’t/didn’t. ASSERTIVE INTERROGATIVE Every man wishes to be happy. Is there any man who doesn’t wish to be happy? Every mother loves her child. Is there any mother who loves her child? Rule : No body/ no one / None → Replaced by → Who. ASSERTIVE INTERROGATIVE Nobody could count my love for you. Who could ever count my love for you? None can do it. Who can do it? Nobody believes a liar. Who believes a liar? Rule : There is no → Replaced by → Is there any/ Who(person)/ What( thing). ASSERTIVE INTERROGATIVE There is no use of this law. What is the use of this law. There is no man happier than Jamil. Who is Happier than jamil. Rule : It Is no → Replaced by → Is there any/Why. ASSERTIVE INTERROGATIVE It is no use of taking unfair means in the exam. Is there any use of this law? Rule : It Doesn’t matter → Replaced by → what though/ Does it matter. ASSERTIVE INTERROGATIVE It does not matter if you fail in te exam. What though if you fail in the exam?

EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE TO ASSERTIVE SENTENCE Rule: Subject and Verb of exclamatory sentence are to be used as the subject and verb of assertive sentence at the outset of the sentence. How/what → Replace by → Very(before adjective)/ Great(before noun) EXCLAMATORY ASSERTIVE How fortunate you are! You are very fortunate. What a fool you are! You are a great fool. Rule : Sometimes the subject and verb may be eclipsed. EXCLAMATORY ASSERTIVE What a beautiful scenery! It is a very beautiful scenery. What a pity! It is a great pity. Rule : Hurrah/ Bravo → Replace by → I/we rejoice that/ It is a matter of joy that. EXCLAMATORY ASSERTIVE Hurrah! We have own the game. It is a matter of joy that we have won the game. Rule : Alas → Replace by → I/we Mourn that/ It is a matter of sorrow or grief that. EXCLAMATORY ASSERTIVE Alas! He has failed. We mourn that he has failed. Rule : Had/were/If /Would that(at the out set) → Replaced by → I wish + subject again + were/ had+ rest part. EXCLAMATORY ASSERTIVE Had I the wings of a bird! I wish I had the wings of a bird. Were I a bird! I wish I were a bird. If I were young again! I wish I were young again. would that I could be a child! I wish I could be a child.

IMPERATIVE TO ASSERTIVE Rule : Add subject + should in doing assertive. IMPERATIVE ASSERTIVE Do the work. You should do the work. Do the sum. You should do the sum. Obey your parents. You should obey your parents. Respect your teacher. You should respect your teacher. Rule : Please/kindly → Replaced by → you are requested to. IMPERATIVE ASSERTIVE Please, help me. You are requested to help me. Please, give me a glass of water. You are requested to give me a glass of water. Rule : Do not → Replaced by → You should not. IMPERATIVE ASSERTIVE Do not run in the sun. You should not run in the sun. Do not play in the rain. You should not play in the rain. Rule : Never → Replaced by → you should never. IMPERATIVE ASSERTIVE Never tell a lie. You should never tell a lie. Rule : Let us → Replaced by → We should. IMPERATIVE ASSERTIVE Let us go out for a walk. We should go out for a walk. Rule : Let + noun/pronoun → Replaced by → Subject + might. IMPERATIVE ASSERTIVE Let him play football. He might play football.

CHANGE OF DEGREE Rule: If the superlative degree says about the best thing then the rule is:- For comparative, use – subject +verb + adjective/adverb (comp. form) + Than any other + rest part.  For positive, use- No other + rest part after supr. Degree + verb + so/as + positive form of adj/adv + as + sub. Note: Superlative: Of all/ of any; Comparative: Than all other/than any other., Positive: It does not exist. SUPERLATIVE COMPARATIVE POSITIVE Sanjida is the tallest girl in the class. Sanjida is taller than any other girl in the class. No other girl in the class is as tall as Sanjida. Mr. khan is the oldest of all men in the village. Mr. Khan is older than all other men in the village. No other man is as old as Mr. Khan. Rule : If In superlative degree ‘One of the’ is transformed in this way: Comparative: Sub+verb +comp. form +than most other+ Rest part. Positive: Very few+ rest part after supr. Degree + verb + so/as + positive form of adj/adv + as + sub. SUPERLATIVE COMPARATIVE POSITIVE Nazrul was one of the greatest poets in Bangladesh. Nazrul was greater than most other poets in Bangladesh. Very few poets in Bangladesh were so great as Nazrul. Rule : Simple comparative is transformed into positive by using : (not so + adj/adv+as)/ (so+adj/adv+as)if negative. Second noun or pronoun is used first. COMPARATIVE POSITIVE Rina is wiser than Mina. Mina is not so wise as Rina. Mina is not wiser than Rina.’ Rina is as wise as Mina. Rule : No/not less --- than is transformed into positive by using as +adj/adv+ as COMPARATIVE POSITIVE Audrey is not less meritorious than Sanjida. Audrey is so meritorious as Sanjida.

COMPLEX →→→ SIMPLE →→→ COMPOUND Rule :Since/As/When Change is to be made in the subordinate clause . When subjects are same. Simple: 1) Omit since/as/when.               2) (Verb+ing) of the subordinate clause.               3) then write the rest part.               4) use subject with the principal clause.               5) Principal clause remains unchanged. compound: 1) Omit since /as /when                        2) write down the rest part.                        3) join clauses by using and, and so, and therefore                        4) write the main clause unchanged. COMPLEX SIMPLE COMPOUND Since the boy worked hard, he made a good result. Working hard, the boy made a good result. The boy worked hard and made a good result. Since people sell these mangoes, they earn a lot of money. Selling these mangoes, people earn a lot of money. People sell these mangoes and earn a lot of money. As they fade soon, they lose their beauty.  fading soon, they lose their beauty. They fade soon and they lose their beauty. Rue: In case of Be verb in subordinate clause: 1) Use being/ Because of + Pronoun/noun(possessive form)+ being. COMPLEX SIMPLE COMPOUND Since he was weak, he could not work hard. Because of his being weak, he could not work hard. He was weak and therefore could not work hard. Note: and therefore, is used for showing reasons. Rule: When the subject of clauses are different: Simple:  1) Subject of s.c.               2) Verb+ing ( be verb → being; Have verb → having) COMPLEX SIMPLE COMPOUND Since the weather was foul, we did not go out. The weather being foul, we did not go out. The weather was foul and therefore we did not go out. Note: Compound: use ‘and therefore’to join two clauses. Rule : Simple:          If,’ is Replaced by – ‘by + (verb+ing) Compound: 1) Omit if+subject.                        2) use ‘and’ to join two clauses. COMPLEX SIMPLE COMPOUND If you work hard, you will succeed in life. By working hard, you will succeed in life. Work hard and you will succeed in life. If we read books, we can enrich our mind. By reading books, we can enrich our mind. We read books and can enrich our mind. If you are honest, you will always be trusted. By being honest, you will always be trusted. Be honest and you will always be trusted. If you read more, you will learn more. By reading more, you will learn more. Read more and you will learn more. If we take proper steps, their condition may improve. By taking our proper steps, their condition may improve.  We take proper steps and it may improve their condition. Rule : Simple          : If-not/unless, is replaced by, - without+( verb+ing) Compound  : Use or’/otherwise to join two clauses. COMPLEX SIMPLE COMPOUND If you don’t work hard, you will fail in the examination. Without working hard, you will fail in the examination. Work hard or you will fail in the examination. None can receive any reward unless he works hard. None can receive any reward without working hard. He works hard or he cannot receive any reward.  If you don’t walk fast, you can not get the train. Without walking fast, you can not get the train. Walk fast or you can not get the train. If you don’t write much, you can not write well. Without writing much, you can not write well. Write much or you can not write well. Rule : Simple         : Though’ is replaced by In spite of+ Possessive form of the subject+ (verb+ing) Compound: Use ‘but’ to join two clauses. COMPLEX SIMPLE COMPOUND Though he tried heart and soul, he could not succeed in life. In spite of his trying heart and soul he could not succeed in life. He tried heart and soul but could not succeed in life. Though he is a low paid employee, his responsibility is great. In spite of his being a low paid employee, his responsibility is great. He is a low paid employee but his responsibility is great. Rule : Simple           : So that is replaced by to/in order to. Compound  : “and want/wants to” is used to join two clauses. COMPLEX SIMPLE COMPOUND He works hard so that he may prosper in life. He works hard to/in order to prosper in life. He works hard and wants to prosper in life. Rule : Simple          : ‘so + adjective + that’ is replaced by ‘Too + adjective + to’ Compound  : Use ‘And Therefore’ to make it a compound sentence. COMPLEX SIMPLE COMPOUND The boy is so foolish that he cannot understand it. The boy is too foolish to understand it. He is so foolish and therefore cannot understand it. Rule : Simple        : When(if mentions time) is replaced by                        For short time – At                        For month or Season – In                        For age--- at the age of. Compound: Use and to join clauses. COMPLEX SIMPLE COMPOUND She woke up when it was midnight. She woke up at midnight. She woke up and it was midnight. When it is spring, the cuckoo sings. In Spring the cuckoo sings. It is spring and the cuckoo sings. When Samira was four she went to school. At the age of four, Samira went to school. Samira was four and she went to school. Rule : Simple                : If the clause says a bout a continuous fact then use-                                At the time of instead of ‘When’ Compound        : Use ‘And’. COMPLEX SIMPLE COMPOUND When I was eating the phone rang. At the time of my eating, the phone rang. I was eating and the phone rang. Rule : Simple           : Noun clause can be replaced by noun. Compound   : Use ‘And’. COMPLEX SIMPLE COMPOUND He admitted that he was guilty. He admitted his guilt. That he is honest is known to all. His honesty is known to all. He is honest and it is known to all. Rule : Simple: If Complex sentence is made with relative pronoun(who, what, which, that), omit it and make (verb+ing). COMPLEX SIMPLE The Doctor who is working in the hospital is known to all. The doctor working in the hospital is known to all. The picture which was drawn by Liza is very fine. The picture drawn by Liza is very fine. Note: If the verb is in the past participle it remains unchanged. Rule : Simple: Adjective Clause is changed into - Adjective, Past participle Phrase, Noun in apposition, infinitive. COMPLEX SIMPLE COMPOUND A man who is drowning catches at a straw. A drowning man catches at a straw. A man is drowning and so catches at a straw. The answer that he wrote was not correct. The answer written by him was not correct. He wrote the answer and it was not correct. I have no money that I can lend you. I have no money to lend you. I have no money and I cannot lend you. Rule : In the compound “ not only---- But also” is Changed by “Besides + (Verb +ing)” COMPLEX SIMPLE Mr.Khan not only teaches us English but also writes novels. Besides teaching us English, Mr. Khan writes novels.

SIMPLE →→→ COMPLEX

So that is replaced by to/in order to. STRUCTURE: To/in order to + sub1 may/can + Gi c‡ii Ask SIMPLE COMPLEX he works hard to/in order to prosper in life He works hard so that he may prosper in life. They came here to enjoy themselves. They came here so that they could enjoy themselves. We need flowers to decorate place. We need flowers so that we can decorate place. He wants to be a doctor to serve people. He wants to be a doctor so that he can serve people.

hw` †Kv‡bv Adjective †Kv‡bv noun †K modify K‡i Zvn‡j †mB Adjective Gi c~‡e© which/ that/ which/ who is/ are/ was  mn noun Gi ci e‡m| SIMPLE COMPLEX Honesty is a great virtue. Honesty is a virtue which is great. I remember my honorable teachers. I remember my teachers who are honorable. The postman is a familiar figure. The postman is a figure that is familiar. Gold is a precious metal. Gold is a metal which is precious.

Gerund _vK‡j g~j verb Gi ci  that +  obj wUi sub + was/were + Gerund SIMPLE COMPLEX I saw him reading. I saw that he was reading. I found him running. I found that he was running. I saw a bird flying. I saw that a bird was flying. She saw a young man playing on his flute. She saw that a young man was playing on his flute.

Abstract noun subject c~‡e© It is c‡i which emv‡Z n‡e| SIMPLE COMPLEX Truthfulness may lead the whole world to peace and happiness. It is truthfulness which may lead the whole world to peace and happiness. Corruption lies in every phase of our society. It is corruption which lies in every phase of our society. Health is wealth. It is health which is wealth.

TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCE FOR SSC

1.       (a) Computer is one of the greatest invention of modern science.(Positive).It renders great service to mankind .(b) A Computer is a blessing on earth.(negative).(c) Though it is a blessing, it has dark sides.(Simple) (d) Computer now a days being used in almost every sphere by the people.(Active)(e) We cannot but depend on it.(Affirmative.)

2.      
(a) Information technology is a wonderful invention (Exclamatory) (b) There are many things that can be included in technology.(Simple).(c) Computer has preshed the modern age a step ahead .(Complex).It can do many things.(d) Internet is the latest invention in the communication system.(Interrogative).(e) We should know the use of computer and internet in our daily life.(Omit should by using it.)

3.      
Student life is the time of preparation for future life.(a) Study is the first and foremost duty of a student.(Complex).(b)As they are assets to the nation, they should equip themselves accordingly.(Compound).Proper emphasis should be given to their studies (c) They must be punctual, industrious, preserving and truthful.(Negative).He should also cultivate good manners.(d) If a student is devoted to studies, he will surely shine in life.(Simple).A student should take part in co-curricular activities which help him to express his invite talents.(e) A good student should be conscious of politics but should not be the cat’s paw of the shrewd politicians.(Complex).

4.      
(a)English is a foreign language.(Negative) (b) Without learning English, we cannot hope to get any job.(Complex).(c) The man who knows English well can go abroad (Simple).(d) We must learn English.(negative)(e) Everybody knows the truth.(Passive)
(a) English is not a native language. (b) If we do not learn English, we cannot hope to get any job. (c) A man knowing English well can go abroad. (d) We cannot but learn English. (e) The truth is known to everybody.

5.      
We live in Bangladesh (a) She is not the poorest country in the world (Positive) Too many people live if in here. (b) It is not possible for her to give employment to all these people. (Complex).(c) People can train themselves in one or other of the vacations.(Passive)(d) Bangladesh can engage her human resources only after exploring all her other resources.(Complex).Until then she can fruitful utilize her manpower in overseas employment.(e) Thus she earns a lot of foreign exchange.(Complex).

6.      
(a)Everybody believes education is the backbone of a nation.(Simple)(b) No nation can prosper neglecting education.(Complex).(c) It is more powerful than anything else.(Superlative) (d) Only education gives us the light of knowledge.(negative) (e) So, everybody should realize it and act accordingly.(Passive).

7.      
(a)One can prosper in life by working hard.(Negative) (b) We have to work hard to gain or to earn money (Complex) (c) Those who are Idle always lag behind.(simple) (d)Idle people are not but burden of the society.(Simple) (e) They give nothing to the country.(Interrogative)

8.      
(a) Strategy is more important than any other thing in the examination.(Superlative) (b) Any answer in the examination should not be elaborated.(Active).(c) After getting the question paper, he should read through it carefully. (Complex).(d) At first glance the questions may not seem easy.(Affirmative).it becomes gradually easier.(e) A student should attempt to answer all the questions so that he may get good marks.(Simple).

9.      
Man is mortal. (a) All men must die. (Negative) (b) It matters little if a man lives many years or not (Interrogative). (c) Our life is not measured by months or years.(Active).(d) The people who live only for their own interest are not real human beings. (Compound) (e) Their life is not better than that of a beast.(Positive).So, we should try our best to do something for society.

10.  
Knowledge is power. There is no doubt about it. (a) We can control nature with the help of knowledge.(Complex).(b) If we have no knowledge we are helpless. (Simple)(c) As our knowledge is increasing we know more about nature. (Compound).Our life has become much better than it was before. (d)We can think of a very bright future. (Complex). (e) But we should use our knowledge properly.(Passive).

11.  
(a) We work hard to attain success in life.(Complex).(b) Peace and prosperity is not possible without being industrious.(Affirmative).(c) A man who leads an idle life, brings misery for his life.(Simple).(d) He can never help of the society.(Passive).Such kind of man is the burden of the society.(e) Everybody dislike him.(Negative).

12.  
The name of our country is Bangladesh. (a) It is a very beautiful, small and fertile country. (Exclamatory ) Dhaka is the capital of our country. The other name of Dhaka is Jahangir Nagar.(b)He founded the city of Dhaka. (Passive).(c) It is the biggest in Bangladesh.(Positive).Many times I went to Dhaka.(d) When I arrived my friend took me to his house.(Simple).(e) We are proud of our country.(Negative).

13.  
(a) Unemployment is a state when a man has no work to earn money.(Simple)(b) It is a social evil which hampers the progress of social life.(compound).(c)The prosperity of a society depends upon the reasonable income of its able-bodied person.(complex).So every-able bodied person should have some suitable work.(d)This increases the per capital income.(Passive).This also increases the standard of living of the people and ensures overall progress of the state. On the other hand, unemployment hinders social progress, disturbs peace and leads to social crimes.(e) Unemployment is a social evil which must be cured at any cost .(Negative).

14.  
(a) Books are men’s best companions in life.(negative ).You may many good friends.(b) But you may not get them when you need them.(Simple).One or two may prove false and do much harm.(c) But books are always prepared to be by your side.(Negative)(d) Some books will make you laugh.(Passive).Some others give you much pleasure, new knowledge and ideas.(e) They are your real friends in your life.(Negative –interrogative).

15.  
(a) We should make the habit of reading books so that we may earn knowledge.(Simple) (b) The books written by famous writers is a great source of increasing our knowledge (Complex).(c) Nobody gets perfection in life if he does not read the books of the great writers (Passive).(d) To make the society civilized there is no alternative to reading books.(Interrogative) (e) A book is our greatest friend.(Positive)

16.  
(a) Cox’ Bazer is the longest sea beach in the world.(Passive).(b) Everyone knows this (Interrogative)(c) Tourists from home and abroad visit this beach.(Passive)(d)They come here to enjoy themselves (Complex).(e) Our government is going to take some steps to make it more attractive.(Passive).

17.  
Bangladesh is a small country.(a) It was 1971 when Bangladesh got independence (Simple) (b) It is the most significant event in the history of Bangladesh.(Positive).Bangladesh was under the British colonial rule until 1947.(c) The lives of the people of Bangladesh have been shaped by tragedy.(Active).Though growth rate had showed down, it has almost doubled since Independence.(d) Despite many negative aspects, Bangladesh has become a country of possibility .(Complex)(e) The 21 st February,1952 immediately comes to our mind.(Complex).

18.  
(a) The students studying seriously can expect to make an excellent result. (Complex).(b) But most of our students are inattentive to their study (Negative)(c) They kill their valuable time in gossiping and playing with mobile sets or watching Television.(Passive).(d)They do not take their exams seriously (Interrogative).As a result, they are to suffer a lot.(e) So, study seriously and enjoy a better future. (Simple).

19.  
(a) Most of the students cannot write the answer scripts properly.(Affirmative).(b) Being unable to make out the questions, they memorize the answers with unnecessary and irrelevant details.(Complex).(c) In spite of the teacher’s suggestion to make a brief answer, they are proved to make a lengthy answer(Compound).As a result, they get poor marks.(d) The students should answer to the questions briefly and to the point to obtain good marks.(Passive).(e) Copying anything blindly is strictly prohibited.(active)

20.  
(a) We are proud of our freedom fighters.(Interrogative) (b) Their contribution will never be forgotten.(affirmative).(c) They were inspired by the common people.(active).They sacrificed their valuable lives.(d) Their sacrifice is greater than any other thing.(positive).(e) But today many of them lead a very miserable life.(Complex).

21.  
Our Motherland Bangladesh is blessed with different eye-catching beauty-spots. Cox’s Bazar sea-beach is one of them.(a) Cox’s Bazar sea beach, the longest sea in the world is very beautiful to look at.(Complex).(b) It is one of the most beautiful sea beaches in the world.(Positive).(c) It is called the Paradise of the Pleasure Seekers for its uncommon beauty . (Active) (d) Everyday uncounted travelers both from home and abroad go there to feed their hungry souls enjoying its soothing beauty. (Compound).(e) Definitely this visits revives one’s dull sprit.(Passive)
   

COMPLEX TO COMPOUND AND SIMPLE

1.       If we read books, we can enrich our mind.

2. If you are honest, you will always be trusted.
3. If we take proper steps, their condition may improve.
4. If you read more, you will learn more.
5. If you don’t write much, you can not write well.
6. If you work hard, you will prosper in life.
7. If you are truthful, everybody will love you.
8. If you tell a lie, you will be punished,
9. If you don’t walk fast, you can not get the train.
10. No nation can prosper if they neglect education.
11. None can receive any reward unless he works hard.
12. If they work hard, they can remove their condition.  

13.   Though he is a low paid employee, his responsibility is great.

14. Though she was a nice little girl, she was not an ordinary girl.
15. Though a healthy man is an asset of his family, an unhealthy man is a liability.
16. Though she worked very hard, there was happiness in his heart.
17. Although they were poor, they had a happy conjugal life.
18. Though I called him, he did not respond.
19. Though he was a good student, he did not get GPA 5.
20. Though cricket is a costly game, people of all classes enjoy playing it.
21. Though Bangladesh is a test playing country, its standard is not high.

22.   Although it may not make one rich, it brings peace of mind.  

23. We fail to enjoy the real progress as corruption devours every good fruits of our country.
24. As the heart is formed for love, it can not be happy without it.
25. As love is divine, everybody wants love.
26. Since people sell these mangoes, they earn a lot of money.
27. As they fade soon, they lose their beauty.
28. As he saw the strange appearance of the fool, he asked him about the reason of the action.
29. As the demand of flowers is increasing day by day, we should cultivate flowers on commercial basis.
30. As the persons in high rank of the society are involved in corruption, they have become millionaires through corruption.
31. One day when she got a loan from Grameen Bank, she started make a plan.
32. He had a daughter whom he loved her very much. 

33.   When I reached there, my friend received me cordially.

34. When it was summer, mangoes were ripe.
35. When it is summer, it becomes emaciated.
36. He sits to read when it is time to read.
37. When they gave it food and water, it become very tame.
38. It was twenty years ago when I was living in Dhaka.
39. Everyday we see him when he goes in khaki dress.
40. He learns his lessons when it is time to learn.
41. One day when he was saying his prayer, a thief broke into his room.                                     

                                                   

SIMPLE TO COMPLEX

1.       We should read books to gain   knowledge.

2. The villagers work hard to support themselves.
3. Tourists from home and aboard visit its shore to enjoy themselves.
4. They came here to enjoy themselves.
5. We need flowers to decorate place.
6. He wants to be a doctor to serve people.
7. During his life time, he spent money lavishly to help the poor.
8. It is too poor to imagine.
9. She bought a dheki to husk rice.
10. They should work hard to improve their condition.
11. He wants to be a famous doctor.
12. Honesty is a great virtue.
13. I remember my honorable teachers.
14. The postman is a familiar figure.
15. , today many of them lead a miserable life.
16. There is a large flower garden in front of the school.
17. People in general are fond of glittering things.
18. I saw a lame man.
19. Gold is a precious metal.
20. An industrious boy will shine in life.
21. Once upon a time there was girl named Jesmin.
22. A fool was sitting by side of a village road.
23. I saw him reading.
24. I found him running.
25. I saw a bird flying.
26. She saw a young man playing on his flute.
27. Truthfulness may lead the whole world to peace and happiness.
28. Corruption lies in every phase of our society.

29.   Health is wealth.

30. People living in the villages are farmers.
31. Everybody believes education to be the backbone of a nation.
32.  Village women sitting on walkways may enjoy gossiping.
33. The writer lived in a cabin belonging to the orphanage.

ASSERTIVE TO INTERROGATIVE

1.       You can not be happy without love.

2. My friend invited me to a pay visit Cox’s Bazaar.
3. We are proud of our freedom fighters.
4. He can succeed in life.
5. She passed her time in reading and writing.
6. He inherited vast property from his father and sister.
7. It is the duty of the educated people to educate the illiterate.
8. The books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas.
9. She likes white gloves.
10. There is nothing to do.
11. Karim likes the late spring.
12. Their glory can never fade.
13. He was not a fool.
14. The smell of the melted, tar tickled my nostrils.
15. It prevails in every walk of our life.
16. Everybody knows this.
17. Everybody respects a truthful person.
18. Everyone hates a criminal.
19. Everybody hates a liar.
20. Everybody likes flower.
21. None can do it.
22. Nobody could ever count my love for you.
23. Nobody believes a liar.

ASERTIVE TO EXCLAMATORY

1.       The music was very nice.

2. The day was very thrilling.
3. The scenery of the school is very charming.
4. Social awareness is very essential to resist corruption.
5. Cricket is a very exciting game.
6. Amina’s life was very difficult.
7. I was very glad to see the sea beach.
8. My hair grows very fast.
9. The girl sings very sweetly.
10. He leads a most unhappy life.
11. I have got a very nice gift for you.
12. The crow looks very ugly.
13. The fox is a very cunning animal.
14. He was a very honest boy.
15. It is a very splendid building.
16. He is very lucky.
17. A little learning is a dangerous thing.
18. I wish I were a king.
19. I wish I could visit this place.
20. I wish I could fly in sky.
21. I wish I had a lot of money.
22. I wish I become a doctor.
23. I wish I were you.
24. Would that I were a king.
25. Would that I had been rich.

AFFIRMATIVE TO NEGATIVE

1.       We must realize the fact and come forward against corruption.

2. We must go from one house to another in fair weather or foul.
3. You must obey your teacher.
4. Man must submit to destiny.
5. All men must die.
6. Everybody wants friends.
7. Everybody knows this.
8. Every rose has thorn.
9. Every mother loves her child.
10. Everybody must die.
11. We should be honest in our life.
12. They are honest and pious.
13. He was unmarried.
14. The literacy rate in Bangladesh is very poor.
15. Man is mortal.
16. He is a regular student.
17. He is present in the meeting.
18. I missed the train.
19. Jerry refused the money.
20. The boy is strong in English.
21. Her parents liked her very much.
22. He is my friend.
23. Haji Muhammad Muhsin was very kind man.
24. She was very hard working and responsible loanee.
25. He was unmarried.
26. A life with an assignment is an actual life.
27. I will always remember this day.
28. He is always punctual to attend his classes.
29. Their contribution will always be remembered.
30. They always sincere to their duties.
31. Her parents always liked her.
32. I always remember you.
33. Allah alone can help us.
34. Only Allah can save me.
35. The old man was alone alive.
36. Only the brave deserve the fair.
37. Only he can do the work.
38. Only the moon was visible.
39. He has bought only a shirt.
40. He has only a few toys.
41. He was only twenty two.

COMPOUND TO COMPLEX AND SIMPLE

1.       We read books and can enrich our mind.

2.       Be honest and you will always be trusted.

3. We take proper steps and their condition may improve.
4. Read more and you will learn more.
5. Write much or you can not write well.
6. Work hard and you prosper in life.
7. Be truthful and everybody will love you.
8. Tell a lie and you will be punished.
9. Walk fast or you can not get the train.
10. They work hard and they can remove their condition
11. He is a low paid employee but his responsibility is great.
12. She was a nice little girl but she was not an ordinary girl.
13. A healthy man is an asset of his family but an unhealthy man is a liability.
14. She worked very hard but there was happiness in his heart.
15. They were poor but they had a happy conjugal life.
16. I called him but he did not respond.
17. He was a good student but he did not get GPA 5.
18. Cricket is a costly game but people of all classes enjoy playing it.
19. Bangladesh is a test playing country but its standard is not high.
20. It may not make one rich but it brings peace of mind.
21. Corruption devours every good fruits of our country and we fail to enjoy the real progress.
22. The heart is formed for love and can not be happy without it.
23. Love is divine and everybody wants love.
24. People sell these mangoes and earn a lot of money.
25. They fade soon and lose their beauty.
26. He saw the strange appearance of the fool and asked him about the reason of the action.
27. The demand of flowers is increasing day by day and we should cultivate flowers on commercial basis.
28. The persons in high rank of the society are involved in corruption and have become millionaires through corruption.
29. One day she got a loan from Grameen Bank and started make a plan.
30. He had a daughter and loved her very much.
31. I reached there and my friend received me cordially.
32. It was summer and mangoes are ripe.
33. It is summer and it becomes emaciated.
34. It is time to read and he sits to read.
35. They gave it food and water and it become very tame.
36. It was twenty years ago when I was living in Dhaka.
37. Everyday he goes in khaki dress and we see him.
38.  It is time to learn and he learns his lessons.
39. One day he was saying his prayer and a thief broke into his room.

COMPLEX TO SIMPLE

1. We should read books so that we can gain   knowledge.
2. The villagers work hard so that they can support themselves.
3. Tourists from home and aboard visit its shore so that they can enjoy themselves.
4. They came here so that they could enjoy themselves.
5. We need flowers so that we can decorate place.
6. He wants to be a doctor so that he can serve people.
7. During his life time, he spent money lavishly so that he could help the poor.
8. It is so poor so that we can not imagine.
9. She bought a dheki so that she could husk rice.
10. They should work hard so that they could improve their condition.
11. He wants that he will be a famous doctor in future.
12. Honesty is a virtue which is great.
13. I remember my teachers who are honorable.
14. The postman is a figure that is familiar.
15. But today many of them lead a life which is miserable.
16. There is a flower garden in front of the school which/that is large.
17. People in general are fond of things which are glittering.
18. I saw a man who is lame.
19. Gold is a metal which is precious.
20. A boy who is industrious will shine in life.
21. Once upon time there was girl whose name was Jesmin.
22. He is a fool who was sitting by the of a village road.
23. I saw that he was reading.
24. I found that he was running.
25. I saw that a bird was flying.
26. She saw that a young man was playing on his flute.
27. It is truthfulness which may lead the whole world to peace and happiness.
28. It is corruption which lies in every phase of our society.
29. It is health which is wealth.
30. People who live in the villages are farmers.
31. Everybody believes that education is the backbone of a nation.
32. Village women who are sitting on walkways may enjoy gossiping.
33. The writer lived in a cabin that belonged to the orphanage.

INTERROGATIVE TO ASSERTIVE

1.       Can you be happy without love?

2. Didn’t my friend invite me to pay a visit Cox’s Bazaar?
3. Aren’t we proud of our freedom fighters?
4. Can’t he succeed in life?
5. Didn’t she pass her time in reading and writing?
6. Didn’t he inherit vast property from his father and sister?
7. Isn’t it the duty of the educated people to educate the illiterate?
8. Don’t the books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas?
9. Doesn’t she like white gloves?
10. Is there anything to do?
11. Doesn’t Karim like the late spring?
12. Can their glory ever fade?
13. Was he a fool?
14. Didn’t the smell of the melted butter tickle my nostrils?
15. Doesn’t it prevail in every walk of our life?
16. Who doesn’t know this?
17. Who doesn’t respect a truthful person?
18. Who doesn’t hate a criminal?
19. Who doesn’t hate liar?
20. Who doesn’t like a flower?
21. Who can do it?
22. Who could ever count my love for you?
23. Who believes a liar?

EXCLAMATORY TO ASSERTIVE

1.       How nice the music was!

2. How thrilling the day was!
3. How charming the scenery of the school is!
4. How essential to resist corruption social awareness is!
5. What an exciting game cricket is!
6. How difficult Amina’s life was!
7.  How glad to see the sea beach I am!
8. How fast my hair grows!
9. How sweetly the girl sings!
10. How unhappy life he leads!
11. How nice gift for you I have got!
12. Hoe ugly the crow looks!
13. What a cunning animal the fox is!
14. What an honest boy he was!
15. What a splendid building it is!
16. How lucky he is!
17. What a dangerous thing a little learning is!
18. If I were a king!
19. If I could visit this place!
20. If I could fly in sky!
21. If I had a lot of money!
22. If I become a doctor!
23. If I were you!
24. If I were a king!
25. If I had been rich!

NEGATIVE TO AFFIRMATIVE

1.       We can not but realize the fact and come forward against corruption.

2. We can not but go from one house to another in fair weather or foul.
3. You can not but obey your teacher.
4. Man can not but submits to destiny.
5. All men can not but die.
6. There no body but wants friends.
7. There no body but knows this.
8. There no rose but has thorn.
9. There no mother but loves her child.
10. There no body but must die.
11. We should not be dishonest in our life.
12. They are not dishonest and impious.
13. He did not marry.
14. The literacy rate in Bangladesh is not very high.
15. Man is not immortal.
16. He is not an irregular student.
17. He is not absent in the meeting.
18. I did not catch the train.
19. Jerry did not accept the money.
20. The boy is not weak in English.
21. Her parents did not dislike her very much.
22. He is not my foe.
23. Haji Muhammad Muhsin was not very unkind man.
24. She was not very lazy and irresponsible loanee.
25. A life without an assignment is not an actual life.
26. I will never forget this day.
27. He is never late to attend his classes.
28. Their contribution will never be forgotten.
29. They never insincere to their duties.
30. Her parents never disliked her.
31. I never forget you.
32. None but Allah can help us.
33. None but Allah can save me.
34. None but the old man was alive.
35. None but the brave deserve the fair.
36. None but he can do the work.
37. Nothing but the moon was visible.
38. He has bought nothing but a shirt.
39. He has not more than a few toys.
40. He was not more than twenty t